Lucy Orlova

I have arrived to America from Russia. Therefore I can write about Russian emigration. The first significant wave emigrants was 1917 after revolution. Among the first Russian эмигранто there were many talented people left a significant trace in the American culture and the industry. Among them were Sikorsky (helicopters and planes), Gershwin (opera Porgy and Bess), Chekhov, Rakhmaninov, Nabokov, Bunin, Walked, Brodsky and many other things.

Indian immigrants  community in newjersy

they called “little india”

"Little India" -- Newark Avenue between Kennedy Boulevard and Tonnelle Avenue -- is the center of gravity for Jersey City's vibrant Indian community. It's only a couple of blocks from the Journal Square PATH subway station.

A number of grocery, video, electronics, jewelry, and clothing stores supply the needs of the immigrant community. Here's a great place to gift-shop for an Indian friend or just to get something different and special.

The restaurants reflect India's ancient and sophisticated cuisine. The dishes are nearly all vegetarian. Atmospheres range from fast-food to formal. In every case, prices are a bargain. Indian food traditionally is extremely spicy. If your tastes tend to the bland, ask the waiter for advice.

Edison  has a growing Indian community and a number of temples serving the religious needs of the community

tarun saini

Other Immigrants by Moulaye

Immigration to the United States has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the history of the United States. The economic, social, and political aspects of immigration have caused controversy regarding ethnicity, economic benefits, jobs for non-immigrants, settlement patterns, impact on upward social mobility, crime, and voting behavior. As of 2006, the United States accepts more legal immigrants as permanent residents than all other countries in the world combined. Since the liberalization of immigration policy in 1965, the number of first- generation immigrants living in the United States has quadrupled, from 9.6 million in 1970 to about 38 million in 2007. 1,046,539 persons were naturalized as U.S. citizens in 2008. The leading emigrating countries to the United States were Mexico, India, the Philippines, and China.
While an influx of new residents from different cultures presents some challenges, "the United States has always been energized by its immigrant populations," said President Bill Clinton in 1998. "America has constantly drawn strength and spirit from wave after wave of immigrants [...] They have proved to be the most restless, the most adventurous, the most innovative, the most industrious of people." Cheap airline travel post-1960 facilitated travel to the United States, but migration remains difficult, expensive, and dangerous for those who cross the United States–Mexico border illegally.
^{by Moulaye}

Inmigrant Comunities Brazilian's in Boston

    Massachusetts also might offer a more welcoming enviroment for immigrants than other states. It is mosts likely that immigrants like anyone else stayed in Massachusets, because they could find work, said director of center for labor market studies. If it weren't for immigrants,Massachusetts would have lost population in the past decade.

    To be sure,the number of people in Massachusetts who said they were born in Brazil has declined in the years preceding the new 2008 tally from an estimated 75,000 in 2006 to nearly 64,000 in 2007. Immigrants returned to Brazil but not in the huge numbers that some belive,partty because Brazil's economy is not as strong in their hometown.And some Brazilians moved to others states. It may be next year's data we get different picture of what's happening.






                                                                                         By Licelotte Perez

SIGNIFICANT IMMIGRATION WAVES by Marcel Cassiano

 

     In recent years the Brazilians Immigrants will represent large increase in its population in the USA. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon are they Social factors, cultural and economic ... the relentless search for happiness often associated with professional success and later economic.

    The immigration of Brazilians to the U.S. is basically the hope for change!

Some sources claim that the earliest immigrants from Brazil to the United States were probably eight Jewish Brazilians who entered the country in 1654. But Brazilian American immigration information is not very reliable; the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service did not tabulate Brazilians as a separate group entering the States until 1960. Before that, Brazilians were counted in a group that included all South Americans. It is known that between 1820 and 1960, 234,761 people of South American descent entered the United States, with peak waves of South American immigrants entering from 1841 to 1850 and 1911 to 1930. It is impossible to tell how many of these South Americans were actually from Brazil. According to the 1960 U.S. Census Bureau report, however, 27,885 people of Brazilian ancestry were living in the United States.
From 1960 until the mid-1980s, there was a relatively even pattern of Brazilian immigration to the United States; estimates suggest that between 1,500 and 2,300 Brazilians immigrated each year, mainly from southern and south-central Brazil, including the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. The majority of these immigrants were of European heritage and came from the middle- and upper-middle-classes of Brazilian society.
During the mid-1980s, Brazil's economy began to deteriorate rapidly; in 1990 inflation reached 1,795 percent annually. Despite the economic reforms of President Collor de Mello, incomes continued to drop by nearly 30 percent, and many Brazilians lost faith in their government. The Brazilian government estimates that between 1986 and 1990, 1.4 million Brazilians left the country permanently—many of them immigrating to the United States, others heading for Japan and various countries in South America and Europe.
According to Maxine Margolis in Little Brazil: An Ethnography of Brazilian Immigrants in New York City, Brazilian immigration to the United States did not begin on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. Between 1987 and 1991, 20,800 Brazilians immigrated to America; however, 8,133 Brazilians entered the country in 1991 alone. Again, the majority of these immigrants were middle- or upper-middle-class members of Brazilian society, and most of them came from southern or south-central Brazil. The 1990 U.S. Census Bureau report indicates that there are about 60,000 Brazilians living and working in the United States, but because Brazilian Americans were only counted in the census if they wrote "Brazilian" in the "Other Hispanic" category— Brazilians are not Hispanic—this number is most likely too small. Other sources suggest that there are approximately 100,000 Brazilians, documented and undocumented, living in the New York area alone. In addition, there are sizable Brazilian communities in Boston, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, Miami, and Phoenix.
As Brazil's economic conditions worsened, the American consulate found that many more Brazilians wanted to immigrate to the United States than quotas legally allowed. Consequently, since the mid-1980s, a significant percentage of all Brazilian immigration to the United States has been illegal. The most common way for Brazilians to illegally enter the United States is to overstay a tourist visa, fade into established Brazilian communities, and obtain low-skill, low-wage work. A riskier method of gaining entry is with "doctored" or fake passports and/or green cards. A number of professional immigration services—legitimate and otherwise—operate in both the United States and Brazil to assist those wishing to come to America. Some Brazilians enter the United States on their own via the Mexican border, but this is extremely time-consuming, dangerous, and expensive. Undocumented persons make up a large percentage of the Brazilian population in the United States, thereby skewing census and immigration data. Margolis notes that there may be as many as 350,000 Brazilians living in the United States without proper documentation.

Read more: Brazilian Americans - History, Modern era, Significant immigration waves, Settlement patterns, Acculturation and assimilation http://www.everyculture.com/multi/A-Br/Brazilian-Americans.html#ixzz1IIM00eS2

Korean immigration The United Stats. by Sawitree Arnmanee

Statistics from the Korean people in the United States in 2007, there were 1.55 million immigrants came to settle the Korean people add more and more. From various causes.  but if you hold out the statistics, South Korea asked the children for adoption in the United States during 1953-2007 found that there are 107,145 cases.

Information Office. Census. the United States in 2005 indicate that the Korean people in the United States. 432907. born in the United States and more 973780. revenue outside the U.S..   private number Koreans naturalized American citizen. 530100. people. And the other 443,680. was holding a green leaf. (Make it seem that Korea does not Robin Hood ).

The history says. Suh. Jae-Pil. Koreans as the first naturalized American citizen in the year.

1864, To change my name Phlilip Jaisohn. He was the first graduate of Medicine of The American again with until the year 1882 . The Untied States and Korea singed a joint agreement of  friendship and commercial name. The Treaty of friendship and commerce

Korean newspapers published the first time since 1906 that San Francisco set by the organizations named. The Korean Evangelical Society

OTHER IMMIGRANTS IN THE US BY KARIM MAMADOU COULIBALY

Although a few came as students in the 1970s, most Malians in Chicago arrived in the 1990s. Famine and economic hardship in Mali in the 1970s and 1980s, exacerbated by a political coup and school closings in 1991, sent thousands of Malians to Europe and the United States. Malians, particularly large numbers of women, were drawn to New York and Washington DC by economic and educational opportunities. The rapidly growing New York community comprised largely Malian artists and dioula (traders) who began to seek new markets for their goods in the early 1990s. They traveled to summer festivals and began permanently settling in new cities including Chicago, Seattle, and Philadelphia. After the first Malians moved to Chicago, a large group followed from New York in the mid-1990s also seeking economic opportunities. They have been joined by a small number of Malian graduate students on United States government-sponsored scholarships and by family members using the green-card lottery system. While there are a small number of professionals, most Malians in Chicago work as taxi drivers, hair braiders, or traders of African clothing, jewelry, and goods. Many also attend school but have to work full-time to finance their education. Women far outnumber men, largely because of women's success in carving out a niche in the hair braiding business. Malians first settled on the North Side of Chicago in the Rogers Park area, but most have moved to the South Side of the city, where some own stores. Community members in 2002 estimated approximately 200 Malians in Chicago, and the community continued to grow rapidly as people migrated from New York. The close-knit Malian community gathers regularly for birth parties and holidays, including Muslim and Christian holidays as well as Malian and American holidays. Malians come together informally for Thanksgiving, American Independence Day, and Malian Independence Day (September 22), among others. In addition, the community has organized a mutual aid organization to assist members in times of financial need. The Malian Association, created in 2001, is still in the process of building a strong organization but has the support of much of the community. It holds regular monthly meetings, at which members discuss issues facing the organization and the community and make financial contributions for use in emergencies like illness or death. Malians in Chicago are also involved with other West African communities in Chicago, sharing many cultural, ethnic, and kinship ties with Ivoirians, Beninese, Senegalese, Guineans, and other West Africans. National boundaries in West Africa were largely imposed by colonial powers and thus do not necessarily represent sharp differences among people. Many Malians regularly attend events and meetings of other West African organizations in Chicago, and, although these groups have largely organized along national lines, there is much fluidity among the organizations .

KARIM MAMADOU COULIBALY

Although a few came as students in the 1970s, most Malians in Chicago arrived in the 1990s. Famine and economic hardship in Mali in the 1970s and 1980s, exacerbated by a political coup and school closings in 1991, sent thousands of Malians to Europe and the United States. Malians, particularly large numbers of women, were drawn to New York and Washington DC by economic and educational opportunities. The rapidly growing New York community comprised largely Malian artists and dioula (traders) who began to seek new markets for their goods in the early 1990s. They traveled to summer festivals and began permanently settling in new cities including Chicago, Seattle, and Philadelphia. After the first Malians moved to Chicago, a large group followed from New York in the mid-1990s also seeking economic opportunities. They have been joined by a small number of Malian graduate students on United States government-sponsored scholarships and by family members using the green-card lottery system. While there are a small number of professionals, most Malians in Chicago work as taxi drivers, hair braiders, or traders of African clothing, jewelry, and goods. Many also attend school but have to work full-time to finance their education. Women far outnumber men, largely because of women's success in carving out a niche in the hair braiding business. Malians first settled on the North Side of Chicago in the Rogers Park area, but most have moved to the South Side of the city, where some own stores. Community members in 2002 estimated approximately 200 Malians in Chicago, and the community continued to grow rapidly as people migrated from New York. The close-knit Malian community gathers regularly for birth parties and holidays, including Muslim and Christian holidays as well as Malian and American holidays. Malians come together informally for Thanksgiving, American Independence Day, and Malian Independence Day (September 22), among others. In addition, the community has organized a mutual aid organization to assist members in times of financial need. The Malian Association, created in 2001, is still in the process of building a strong organization but has the support of much of the community. It holds regular monthly meetings, at which members discuss issues facing the organization and the community and make financial contributions for use in emergencies like illness or death. Malians in Chicago are also involved with other West African communities in Chicago, sharing many cultural, ethnic, and kinship ties with Ivoirians, Beninese, Senegalese, Guineans, and other West Africans. National boundaries in West Africa were largely imposed by colonial powers and thus do not necessarily represent sharp differences among people. Many Malians regularly attend events and meetings of other West African organizations in Chicago, and, although these groups have largely organized along national lines, there is much fluidity among the organizations .

KARIM MAMADOU  COULIBALY

other immigrants in the United States by Karim Mamadou Coulibaly

Although a few came as students in the 1970s, most Malians in Chicago arrived in the 1990s. Famine and economic hardship in Mali in the 1970s and 1980s, exacerbated by a political coup and school closings in 1991, sent thousands of Malians to Europe and the United States. Malians, particularly large numbers of women, were drawn to New York and Washington DC by economic and educational opportunities. The rapidly growing New York community comprised largely Malian artists and dioula (traders) who began to seek new markets for their goods in the early 1990s. They traveled to summer festivals and began permanently settling in new cities including Chicago, Seattle, and Philadelphia. After the first Malians moved to Chicago, a large group followed from New York in the mid-1990s also seeking economic opportunities. They have been joined by a small number of Malian graduate students on United States government-sponsored scholarships and by family members using the green-card lottery system. While there are a small number of professionals, most Malians in Chicago work as taxi drivers, hair braiders, or traders of African clothing, jewelry, and goods. Many also attend school but have to work full-time to finance their education. Women far outnumber men, largely because of women's success in carving out a niche in the hair braiding business. Malians first settled on the North Side of Chicago in the Rogers Park area, but most have moved to the South Side of the city, where some own stores. Community members in 2002 estimated approximately 200 Malians in Chicago, and the community continued to grow rapidly as people migrated from New York. The close-knit Malian community gathers regularly for birth parties and holidays, including Muslim and Christian holidays as well as Malian and American holidays. Malians come together informally for Thanksgiving, American Independence Day, and Malian Independence Day (September 22), among others. In addition, the community has organized a mutual aid organization to assist members in times of financial need. The Malian Association, created in 2001, is still in the process of building a strong organization but has the support of much of the community. It holds regular monthly meetings, at which members discuss issues facing the organization and the community and make financial contributions for use in emergencies like illness or death. Malians in Chicago are also involved with other West African communities in Chicago, sharing many cultural, ethnic, and kinship ties with Ivoirians, Beninese, Senegalese, Guineans, and other West Africans. National boundaries in West Africa were largely imposed by colonial powers and thus do not necessarily represent sharp differences among people. Many Malians regularly attend events and meetings of other West African organizations in Chicago, and, although these groups have largely organized along national lines, there is much fluidity among the organizations .

KARIM MAMADOU COULIBALY

Brazilian Immigration to The United States - By Pollyanna Melo

A large part of Brazilian immigrants in the United States comes from a town called Governador Valadares, which is in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern part of Brazil.

" The most Brazilian emigrants are on the East Coast. New York is estimated to have between 80,000 to 150,000 Brazilian emigrants. Another 150,000 are estimated to live in Boston, 65,000 in Florida (mostly in the Miami area), 20,000 in California, 10,000 in Houston, Texas ,and another 10,000 in Washington, DC.

More than half the Brazilians who immigrate to the US, according to the Center for Immigration Studies in New York, already have friends or relatives in the US with whom they stay after they arrive in the country. In 25% of the cases, the immigrants do not plan on returning to Brazil. "
(Information : http://www.vernonjohns.org/plcooney/brimmig.html )

Brazilian immigrants have created a community in the United States called Brazuca. The Brazilian community of immigrants is large and very expressive in the United States. Every year they gather in New York to celebrate the day of the Brazilians. A party now famous and considered one of the largest gatherings of immigrants in the United States.

The most interesting I've read about Brazilian immigrants is what Maxine Margolis, an Amercian anthropologist wrote. She said: "Despite what many people think, most Brazilian immigrants arrive with money and contacts to stay in the US some time before getting a job,". She also cites a written statement of another writer, Gino Agostinelli, of the Center for Immigration Studies, has told the São Paulo newspaper Folha de São Paulo. "They aren't desperate fugitives, but people with money who are looking for another way of life."

domesty violence in immigrant E vietamese RABINA

This study examines domestic violence in Vietnamese American families, focusing on changes in socioeconomic structure and culture, to identify factors associated with wife abuse. Husbands' patriarchal beliefs and dominant positions in the family and conflicts about changing norms and values between husbands and wives were found to be related to wife abuse. The study suggests that class, culture, gender, and immigration status could simultaneously affect women's experience of violence by husbands. For Vietnamese Americans, women's economic contributions could not reduce husbands' dominant positions and violence, but economic hardship could prevent women from leaving an abusive relationship. Traditional family values, beliefs in traditional female roles, and perceptions about racial discrimination could also prevent Vietnamese American women from relying on the formal system to cope with abuse.

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Other Immigrant communities

Other Immigrant Communities

Nigerian Americans are citizens of the United States of America who are or descend from immigrants from Nigeria. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, approximately one million Nigerians have immigrated in to the United States. Similar to their proportion of population on the continent of Africa, Nigerians are the single largest contemporary African immigrant group in the United States. Nigeria's official current indigenous population is 140 million. It is estimated that 20 million people of Nigerian descent reside outside Nigeria, with the majority living in the United Kingdom and the United States. The 2006 American Community Survey of the U.S. Census Bureau stated that 37% of Nigerians in the United States had bachelor's degrees, 17% had master's degrees, and 4% had doctorates. Many modern Nigerian immigrants have come to the United States to pursue educational opportunities in undergraduate and post-graduate institutions. Almost all of these immigrants have come from ethnic groups in the southern part of the country, primarily the Igbo, Yoruba, and Ibibio peoples, including Annang and Efik. Due to adverse economic conditions in Nigeria, some immigrants stayed in the United States and began to raise their children there.
Areas of concentrated residence:
1. Maryland: Prince Georges and Baltimore (Not Including Baltimore City) counties comprise the 3rd largest Nigerian American community; also Howard and Montgomery counties.
2. New York: All boroughs of New York City, the 2nd largest Nigerian-American community; plus Nassau and Westchester counties.
3. Texas: Harris (esp. the city of Houston), Fort Bend, Tarrant, Dallas, and Travis counties (which makes up the city of Austin); having the largest Nigerian American community.
4. Georgia: Cobb, Dekalb, Fulton, Gwinnett counties; the Atlanta area is the 5th largest Nigerian-American community.
5. New Jersey: Hudson, Essex, Bergen, Union and Middlesex counties, with a large proportion of Nigerians living in Newark. In recent years, many Nigerian Americans have left New Jersey.

Polish Immigration by Wiktor Tarasiewicz

Polish immigration to the United States occurred in three major waves:
The first wave of immigrants, arriving mainly from the late 1800s up to the WW I, were considered "za chlebem" (means "for bread") immigrants. They came to America mainly from economical but also political and religious reasons. Many immigrants were illiterate and unskilled laborers in their own country. The majority came from South and Southeastern part of Poland (Carpathian and Tatra Mountains, Krakow and Rzeszow area). These areas were very poor and overpopulated until the beginnings of XX century when tourism industry started developing. This first and large group of immigrants is difficult to account for since they came from Poland when Poland did not exist as a separate country but was partitioned between Prussia, Russia and Austria. So they were registered as citizens of these countries rather than Poland.

"These immigrants took low-paying jobs and lived in crowded dwellings just to make a meager living."(Ref. 1) Also many Jews from Eastern Europe came in this time. Among Jews very few were coming back to their country of origin much less than among Poles who sometimes came to America to earn some money and were ready to go back to their old country.

The second wave of immigration took place after World War II. During the war, Poland lost disproportionally more people than any other country. Over 6 million of its 35 million people were killed. Poland was also devastated economically, many towns and businesses very destroyed. The fact that Poland was liberated by Soviets and consequently turned into communistic country posed a danger for Poles who from different reasons were still abroad or were fighting along Western aliens during the war. "Individuals in this second wave were primarily political prisoners, dissidents, and intellectuals from refugee camps all over Europe. Many in this group, who were educated and committed to assimilating into American culture, separated from Polonia and aligned themselves with other middle-class and professional groups in America. The upwardly mobile and middle-class aspirations of this group differed from the working-class orientation of the first- and second-generation descendants of the first wave." (Ref. 1)

The third wave of immigrants started arriving in 1980. The first immigrants came after the martial law in December 1981. Some won visa on the visa lottery. Some immigrants of the newest wave are very skilled professionals. Quite numerous group of faculty in American universities consist of good educated Polish immigrants of the newest wave. Some, especially illegal immigrants are not still that well settled down in the society and they live in low-income housing mainly in Polish quarters in Chicago, New York or Detroit.

In early 80-es the value of Polish currency (zloty) was very low compared to dollars. Thus Polish immigrants of newest generation tried to save as much as possible. They even tend to save money on food by eating nutritionally inadequate diets and not seeking health care until a problem becomes severe. Right now the Polish currency is more stable and all the important products are available on the Polish market. This allows the new immigrants to live more normal and stable life. For illegal immigrants - networking with other Poles is their primary source of job contacts. Because many of these new arrivals have been used by inscrutable Poles and others, many are terrified of strangers and bureaucrats who may have them deported if they are found working.

The number of Americans of Polish descend is about 10 millions, but the number of the illegal Polish immigrants is also high, 70 thousands and it ranks us in the 10th place in the USA. This is one of the reasons why it is so difficult to receive a visa to the USA for an average Pole.